During our review of EMS programs and protocols, we performed site visits at four of the nine USAGs—Bavaria, Rheinland-Pfalz, Stuttgart, and Wiesbaden. We also gathered documentation and interviewed USAG officials and F&ES personnel to determine the extent to which the U.S. Army established EMS programs and protocols, including whether USAG F&ES personnel stocked and administered medication. Additionally, we interviewed officials at the Office of the Assistant Secretary of the Army for Manpower and Reserve Affairs; Medical Readiness Command, Europe; Army Office of the Surgeon General EMS Office; IMCOM-E; and Medical Department Activity–Bavaria to determine the extent to which the Army established EMS programs and protocols, whether USAG F&ES personnel in Germany perform EMS, and whether these personnel require oversight by a medical director.